About Initiating Events

Initiating events represent the various types of causes that can result in a hazardous scenario. In LOPA, you can create an Initiating Event record for each type of initiating cause. When you create a LOPA, these records are used to populate the frequency of occurrence of the Initiating Event.

Default Initiating Event Records

By default, the following Initiating Event records are available in GE Digital APM:

Initiating Event ID	Lower Boundary	Upper Boundary	Default Value
Gasket/packing blowout	1E-06	0.01	0.01
LOTO(lock-out-tag-out)	0.0001	0.001	0.001
Unloading/loading hose failure	0.01	1	0.01
Cooling water failure	0.01	1	0.01
Atmospheric tank failure	1E-05	0.001	0.001
Crane load drop	0.0001	0.001	0.0001
Piping residual failure-100m-Full Breach	1E-06	1E-05	1E-05
Pump seal failure	0.01	0.1	0.1
Piping leak(10% section)-100m	0.0001	0.001	0.001
Pressure Vessel Residual Failure	1E-07	1E-05	1E-06
Large external fire(aggregate causes)	0.001	0.01	0.01
Safety valve opens spuriously	0.0001	0.01	0.01
BPCS instrument loop failure	0.01	1	0.1
Regulator failure	0.1	1	0.1
Operator failure	0.0001	0.1	0.01
Small external fire(aggregate causes)	0.01	0.1	0.1
Lightning strike	0.0001	0.001	0.001
Third party intervention(external impact by backhoe, vehicle, etc.)	0.0001	0.01	0.01
Turbine/diesel engine overspeed with casing breach	0.0001	0.001	0.0001

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